In Bristol, the bombed-out ruins of St Peter's Church were left standing with added memorial plaques to the civilians who were killed. Apart from those on London, this was the greatest loss of life in any night raid during the Blitz. O'Sullivan reported: "There were many terrible mutilations among both living and dead heads crushed, ghastly abdominal and face wounds, penetration by beams, mangled and crushed limbs etc.". He believed that this was being done already but it was inevitable that a certain number of civilian lives should be lost in the course of heavy bombing from the air". This option had been forbidden by city officials, who feared that once people began sleeping in Underground stations, they would be reluctant to return to the surface and resume daily life. Weighing 46,328 tonnes, Titanic was to be the largest manmade moveable object the world had ever seen. The government announced that 77 people had died, but for years local residents insisted the toll was much higher. Dissatisfaction with public shelters also led to another notable development in the East EndMickeys Shelter. 8. "It says a lot about how these people are forgotten that there is no Blitz memorial in Belfast," Mr Freeburn says. The first (April 7 -8), a small attack, was most likely carried out to test the city's defenses. On the 60th anniversary of the Belfast Blitz, Luftwaffe Pilot Gerhardt Becker spoke to BBC Northern Ireland about his mission over Belfast in 1941. It is situated at on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. Fighter Commands efforts were greatly aided by the lack of any consistent plan of action on the part of the Germans. Many "arrived in Fermanagh having nothing with them only night shirts". Churches destroyed or wrecked included Macrory Memorial Presbyterian in Duncairn Gardens; Duncairn Methodist, Castleton Presbyterian on York Road; St Silas's on the Oldpark Road; St James's on the Antrim Road; Newington Presbyterian on Limestone Road; Crumlin Road Presbyterian; Holy Trinity on Clifton Street and Clifton Street Presbyterian; York Street Presbyterian and York Street Non-Subscribing Presbyterian; Newtownards Road Methodist and Rosemary Street Presbyterian (the last of which was not rebuilt). Belfast, the city with the highest population density in the UK at the time, also had the lowest proportion of public air-raid shelters. When incendiaries were dropped, the city burned as water pressure was too low for effective firefighting. Fewer than 4,000 women and children were evacuated. Once more, London was targeted and children were victims. Video, 00:02:12Isabel Oakeshott: Why I leaked Hancock's messages, Tears of relief after man found in Amazon jungle. They prevented low-flying aircraft from approaching their targets at optimal altitudes and angles of attack. London was bombed for 57 consecutive nights from 7 September 1940 Another attacked Bangor, killing five. It targeted the docks. Emma Duffin, a nurse at the Queen's University Hospital, (who previously served during the Great War), who kept a diary; Hundreds of incendiary and many high-explosive bombs were dropped, doing little material damage but causing many casualties. The Blitz was devastating for the people of London and other cities. Maps and documents uncovered at Gatow Airfield near Berlin in 1945 showed the level of detail involved. The creeping TikTok bans. Another claim was that the Catholic population in general and the IRA in particular guided the bombers. It was not the last time Belfast would suffer. Over 20 hospitals were hit, among them the London (many times), St. Thomass, St. Bartholomews, and the childrens hospital in Great Ormond st., as well as Chelsea hospital, the home for the aged and invalid soldiers, built by Wren. He went to the Mater Hospital at 2pm, nine hours after the raid ended, to find the street with a traffic jam of ambulances waiting to admit their casualties. [citation needed] However on 20 October 1941 the Garda Sochna captured a comprehensive IRA report on captured member Helena Kelly giving a detailed analysis of damage inflicted on Belfast and highlighting prime targets such as Shortt and Harland aircraft factory and RAF Sydenham, describing them as 'the remaining and most outstanding objects of military significance, as yet unblitzed' and suggesting they should be 'bombed by the Luftwaffe as thoroughly as other areas in recent raids'[28][29], After three days, sometime after 6pm, the fire crews from south of the border began taking up their hoses and ladders to head for home. The town of Dromara saw its population increase from 500 to 2,500. They are sleeping in the same sheugh (ditch), below the same tree or in the same barn. Major Sen O'Sullivan reported on the intensity of the bombing in some areas, such as the Antrim Road, where bombs "fell within fifteen to twenty yards of one another." Published: September 7, 2020 at 12:00 pm. 1. Since most casualties were caused by falling masonry rather than by blast, they provided effective shelter for those who had them. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Through resources such as the Public Records Office and ancestry and genealogy websites I managed to get about 100 photos - which is about one tenth of the victims," he says. Poor visibility on the night meant that the accuracy of the bombers was hampered and the explosives were dropped on densely populated areas of Belfast. Simpson shot down one of the Heinkels over Downpatrick. J.P. Walshe, assistant secretary, recorded that Hempel was "clearly distressed by the news of the severe raid on Belfast and especially of the number of civilian casualties." 3. St. Giles, Cripplegate, and St. Mary Wolnooth, also in the city, were damaged, while the Dutch church in Austin Friars, dating from the 14th century and covering a larger area than any church in the city of London, St. Pauls alone excepted, was totally destroyed. 2. On September 1, 1939, the day World War II began with Germanys invasion of Poland, the British government implemented a massive evacuation plan. In his interview, Becker stated that only military objectives were aimed for. It has been reported that on Easter Tuesday, Belfast suffered the highest loss of life of any city in the UK in a single raid. Guided by Davies, the people of the shelter created an ad hoc government and established a set of rules. The "Hiram Plan" initiated by Dawson Bates, the Home Affairs Minister, had failed to materialise. Gring had insisted that such an attack was an impossibility, because of the citys formidable air defense network. Given Belfast's geographic position, it was considered to be at the fringe of the operational range of German bombers and hence there was no provision for night-fighter aerial cover. Accounts differ as to when flares were dropped to light up the city. During the whole period, although the citys operation was disrupted in ways that were sometimes serious, no essential service was more than temporarily impaired. Belfast was Ireland's industrial home, famous for tobacco, rope-making, linen, and ship-building, which made it the powerhouse it was. Air-raid damage was widespread; hospitals, clubs, churches, museums, residential and shopping streets, hotels, public houses, theatres, schools, monuments, newspaper offices, embassies, and the London Zoo were bombed. The firm had produced Handley Page Hereford bombers since 1936. Three nights later (April 1920) London was again subjected to a seven-hour raid, and the loss of life was considerable, especially among firefighters and the A.R.P. the Blitz, (September 7, 1940May 11, 1941), intense bombing campaign undertaken by Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom during World War II. Video, 00:01:38At least 17 dead in Jakarta fuel storage depot fire, Australia's 'biggest drug bust' nets $700m of cocaine. Tommy Henderson, an Independent Unionist MP in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, summed up the feeling when he invited the Minister of Home Affairs to Hannahstown and the Falls Road, saying "The Catholics and the Protestants are going up there mixed and they are talking to one another. Learn how your comment data is processed. In many cases the daily life of the city was able to resume with delays of only hours. Other targets included Sheffield, Manchester, Coventry, and Southampton. Of the churches, besides St. Pauls cathedral, where at one time were five unexploded bombs in the immediate vicinity and the roof of which was pierced by another that exploded and shattered the high altar to fragments, those damaged were Westminster abbey, St. Margarets Westminster, Southwark cathedral; fifteen Wren churches (including St. Video, 00:01:37Thanks, but no big speech, in Ken Bruce's sign off, Tear gas fired at Greece train crash protesters. As well as these two major targets, other firms in Belfast produced valuable materials for the war effort including munitions, linen, ropes, food supplies and, of course, cigarettes. There was unease with the complacent attitude of the government, which led to resignations: Craigavon died on 24 November 1940. The bombs continued to fall until 5am. Belfast Blitz: Facts In total there were four attacks on the County Antrim city. Nearby residential areas in east Belfast were also hit when "203 metric tonnes of high explosive bombs, 80 land mines attached to parachutes, and 800 firebomb canisters containing 96,000 incendiary bombs"[16] were dropped. "Through cross-referencing a number of different sources I have been able to get the most accurate number of people who died in the Blitz," he says. By 4 am the entire city seemed to be in flames. Belfast was largely unprepared for an attack of such a scale as 200 German bombers shelled the city on 15 April 1941. As the UK was preparing for the conflict, the factories and shipyards of Belfast were gearing up. Anna and Billy returned to England and continued running the children's home. 6. No searchlights were set up in the city at the time, and these only arrived on 10 April. In the west and north of the city, streets heavily bombed included Percy Street, York Park, York Crescent, Eglinton Street, Carlisle Street, Ballyclare, Ballycastle and Ballynure Streets off the Oldpark Road; Southport Street, Walton Street, Antrim Road, Annadale Street, Cliftonville Road, Hillman Street, Atlantic Avenue, Hallidays Road, Hughenden Avenue, Sunningdale Park, Shandarragh Park, and Whitewell Road. Raids between February and May pounded Plymouth, Portsmouth, Bristol, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Hull in England; Swansea in Wales; Belfast in Northern Ireland; and Clydeside in Scotland. Read about our approach to external linking. Looking back on the Belfast Blitz, Oberleutnant Becker signed off with the following words: A war is the worst thing that can happen to Mankind. London seemed ablaze from the docks to Westminster, much damage was done, and casualties were high. The first was on the night of 78 April 1941, a small attack which probably took place only to test Belfast's defences. Eduard Hempel, the German Minister to Ireland, visited the Irish Ministry for External Affairs to offer sympathy and attempt an explanation. He was replaced by 54-year-old Sir Basil Brooke on 1 May. In 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the ending of the Second World War, an invitation was received by the Dublin Fire Brigade for any survivors of that time to attend a function at Hillsborough Castle and meet Prince Charles. A short respite followed, until a widespread series of night raids on April 7 included some targets in the London area. The seeming normality of life on the Home Front was shattered in 1944 when the first of the V1's landed. Train after train and bus after bus were filled with those next in line. But the RAF had not responded. By the. Few children had been successfully evacuated. The Germans established that Belfast was defended by only seven anti-aircraft batteries, which made it the most poorly defended city in the United Kingdom. In the first days of the Blitz, a tragic incident in the East End stoked public anger over the governments shelter policy. Yesterday for once the people of Ireland were united under the shadow of a national blow. Targets identified included: the Short and Harland Ltd. Aircraft Factory; the Belfast power station and waterworks; Other maps uncovered following the Second World War also showed the parliament and city hall, Belfast gasworks, a rope factory and the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. These shelters were vital as these factories had many employees working late at night and early in the morning when Luftwaffe attacks were likely. Read about our approach to external linking. [13] However at the time Lord Craigavon, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland since its inception in 1921, said: "Ulster is ready when we get the word and always will be." On May 11, 1941, Hitler called off the Blitz as he shifted his forces eastward against the Soviet Union. There were still 80,000 more in Belfast. Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. The attacks were authorized by Germany's chancellor, Adolf Hitler, after the British carried out a nighttime air raid on Berlin. The youngest victim was just six-weeks-old. His death (along with preceding ill-health) came at a bad time and arguably inadvertently caused a leadership vacuum.
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